It arises the
external carotid artery in the carotid triangle immediately above the greater
cornu of the hyoid bone and after short course in the neck it enters the face
by piercing the deep cervical fascia at the antero inferior angle of Masseter
about an inch in front of the angle of the mandible and runs tortuously upwards
& forwards nearly to the angle of the mouth.
Then it ascends along the side of the nose and ends at the medial angle of the
eye by anatomizing with the dorsal nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery.
Relation
At the lower
part, it lies on the Mandible, Buccinator and levator anguli oris covered by
the skin, Platysma. Risorius. Zygomaticus major and Levator labii superioris
alaque nasi.
The
facial vein lies posterior to the artery and some branches of the facial nerve
cross the artery from behind forwards. The facial artery is tortuous in the
face, as it has to accomodate itself to the movements of the mandible, lips and
cheeks.
Branches (in
the face)
1) Inferior
labial: Arises just below the angle of the mounth and passes medially deep
to the Depressor anguli oris. It supplies the lower lip and anatomies with the
fellow of the opposite side and also with the mental branch of the inferior
dental artery.
2) Superior
tabial: Arises just above the angle of the month under cover of the
Zygomaticus major. It supplies the upper lip and anatomizes with its follow of
the opposite side.
Near the middle line it gives off a Septal Branch, which supplies the lower
& front part of the nasal septum and an Alar branch, which supplies the ala
of the nose. Sometimes the superior & inferior labial arteries are found to
arise together from a single stem.
3) Lateral
nasal: Arises by the side of the nose and lies in the groove above the ala.
It supplies the ala & dorsum of the nose and anastomoses with the artery of
the opposite side and the neighbouring arteries.
DISSECTION
NOTE: Trace the above-mentioned big
three branches as well as the terminal part of the facial artery towards the
medial angle of the eye; its other smaller, unnamed, muscular branches need not
be shown. Lastly clean the trnasverse facial artery and the superficial
temporal vessels.
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